Labels:text | screenshot | font OCR: VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY The ratio of the volume of air entering the engine to its displacement per combustion cycle. In general, large values and short intake and exhaust passages make for high volumetric efficiency. High engine speeds tend to reduce it, but racing engines used "tuned" intake and exhaust pipes in order to raise volumetric efficiency at one specific speed. WORK Work as used in these discussions means force through distance. Units are Foot-Pounds or Newton-Meters. The area enclosed in a P-U diagram is proportional to the amount of Work performed.